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Dr. Saikat Bhattacharjee

Associate Professor
E-mail: saikat at rcb dot res dot in

  • PhD 2004, Purdue University, USA
  • Postdoc at University of Missouri and Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, USA
  • Associate Professor (2013-2021)

Signaling pathways in effector triggered immunity of plant

Plants mount highly elaborate, layered, and complex defenses against constantly invading pathogens. These multilayered defenses broadly termed as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector triggered immunity (ETI), account for responses on perception of conserved molecular patterns present on a pathogen surface or to a specific pathogen effector secreted and sensed within the plant cell by a cognate resistance (R) protein, respectively. Although genetic screens and subsequent molecular approaches have identified several key immune players, our present understanding clearly suggests that signaling in ETI defy the conventional step-wise linear arrangements of signal receivers and transducers. Previously, we have proposed that effector activities that cause alterations in dynamics of protein interactomes between the R protein with positive and negative regulators directly mediate the sensing and transduction of signals. The broad goal of our research group is to unravel this mystery at a molecular level.

We utilize the Pseudomonas syringae-Arabidopsis thaliana model system, advantageous due to completely sequenced genomes of both organisms, to identify routes for immune signaling. Macromolecular associations of most defense players are assembled on lipid interfaces via unknown mechanisms. We have obtained preliminary evidences that indicate a role of inositol compounds in this assembly and in plant defenses in general. Inositol derivatives, initially identified as a source of phosphate storage in seeds, direct several key cellular processes such as mRNA export, apoptosis, plant hormone signaling and control of transcription. Inositol-modified lipids (phosphatidylinositols, PtdIns) determine architecture of most eukaryotic membranes. Inositol phosphates (InsPs) function as key secondary messengers. The significance of inositols is clearly elaborated in several human diseases such as Huntington disease and sickle cell disease. Our research aims to transcend the plant/anim al species barrier and further highlight the fundamental similarities in defense responses of higher eukaryotes.

In order to elucidate inositol signaling in immune responses we have divided our approach in several broad directions:

  • Identifying steady-state protein-protein interactions platforms of resistance proteins and defense modulators on cellular interfaces and how pathogen effectors directly/indirectly affect this assembly.
  • Elucidation of inositol metabolite profiles in plant mutants altered in defense responses in order to identify specific signaling routes
  • Identifying inositol compound-dependent synergistic and antagonistic cross-talk between hormonal pathways and how pathogen effectors or induced ETI impinge of this network.

Our investigations utilize a combination of genetic, cell biology, advanced microscopic, metabolic profiling approaches, among others, to gain a comprehensive understanding in this area. In addition we are also developing effector-independent inducible-ETI systems that will facilitate identification of signaling routes during initiation and execution of ETI responses.

  • Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship (2012-2013)
  • Ms.Hitika Gulabani
    Senior Research Fellow
    hitika.gulabani@rcb.res.in
  • Mr. Krishendu Goswami
    Senior Research Fellow
    krishnendu@rcb.res.in
  • Ms. Shraddha Dahale
    Senior Research Fellow
    shraddha@rcb.res.in
  • Mr. Sandeep Kumar
    Junior Research Fellow
    sandeep.kumar22@rcb.res.in
  • Ms. Medha Noopur
    Junior Research Fellow
    medha.noopur@rcb.res.in
  1. Roy A, Ghosh D, Kasera M, Girish TR, Nori S, Vemanna RS, Mohapatra S, Surya Narayan S, Bhattacharjee S*. Kappaphycus alvarezii-derived formulations enhance salicylic acid-mediated anti-bacterial defenses in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. (2022) J. Appl. Phycol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02658-y [corresponding author]
  2. Gulabani H#, Goswami K#, Walia Y, Roy A, Noor JJ, Ingole KD, Kasera M, Laha D, Giehl RFH, Schaaf G, Bhattacharjee S*. Arabidopsis inositol polyphosphate kinases IPK1 and ITPK1 modulate crosstalk between SA‑dependent immunity and phosphate‑starvation responses. (2021). Plant Cell Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02812-3. [# Equal contribution; * corresponding author]
  3. Kasera M, Ingole KD, Rampuria S, Walia Y, Gassmann W, Bhattacharjee S*. Global SUMOylome Adjustments in Basal Defenses of Arabidopsis thaliana Involve Complex Interplay Between SMALL-UBIQUITIN LIKE MODIFIERs and the Negative Immune Regulator SUPPRESSOR OF rps4-RLD1. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 30 September 2021 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.680760 [* corresponding author]
  4. Dahale SK, Ghosh D, Ingole KD, Chugani A, Kim SH, Bhattacharjee S*. HopA1 Effector from Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae Strain 61 Affects NMD Processes and Elicits Effector-Triggered Immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7440. (https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147440) [* corresponding author]
  5. Ingole KD, Kasera M, van den Burg H*, Bhattacharjee, S*. Antagonism between SUMO1/2 and SUMO3 regulates SUMO conjugate levels and fine-tunes immunity. (2021). J. Exp. Bot. In press (doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab296). [* corresponding author]
  6. Dabas P, Dhingra Y, Sweta K, Chakrabarty M, Singhal R, Tyagi P, Behera PM, Dixit A, Bhattacharjee S*, Sharma N*. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses two novel ELL Associated Factor (EAF) Homologs. IUBMB Life In press (doi: 10.1002/iub.2513). [* corresponding author]
  7. Ingole KD, Dahale SK, Bhattacharjee S*. (2021). Proteomic analysis of SUMO1-SUMOylome changes during defense elicitation in Arabidopsis. J. Proteomics. 232: 104054. [* corresponding author]
  8. Kang H, Nguyen Q-M, Iswanto ABB, Hong JC, Gassmann W, Bhattacharjee S, Kim SH. (2021). Nuclear Localization of HopA1Pss61 Is Required for Effector-Triggered Immunity. Plants. In press (doi: 10.3390/plants10050888).
  9. Bakade R, Ingole KD, Deshpande S, Pal G, Patil SS, Bhattacharjee S, Prasanna Kumar MK, Ramu VS. (2021). Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Rice Resistant and Susceptible Genotypes to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Identifies Novel Genes to Control Bacterial Leaf Blight. Mol. Biotech. In Press (doi.org/10.1007/s12033-021-00338-3.
  10. Thakur SK, Goswami K, Rao P, Kaushik S, Singh BP, Sharma PK, Asthana S, Bhattacharjee, S., Guchhait P, Eswaran SV. (2020). A Fluoresceinated Aminohexanol Tethered Inositol Hexakisphosphate: Studies on Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster and Docking with 2P1M Receptor Implications for consumption of dry fruits and human health. ACS Omega 13;5(16):9585-9597.
  11. Thakur SK, Goswami K, Bhattacharjee S, Soni U, Guchhait P, Eswaran, S.V. (2019). A Water Soluble Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Aryl Aziridino Carboxylic Acid Decorated Mn (II) Complex Increased Root Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Chem. Select. 4: 13604– 13609
  12. Halane MK, Kim SH, Spears BJ, Garner CM, Rogan CJ, Okafor EC, Su J, Bhattacharjee S, Gassmann W. (2018). The Bacterial Type III-Secreted Protein AvrRps4 is a Bipartite Effector. PLoS Pathog. Mar 30;14(3): e1006984.
  13. Meteignier LV, Zhou J, Cohen M, Bhattacharjee S, Brosseau C, Caamal Chan, MG, Robatzek S, Moffett P. (2016). NB-LRR signaling induces translational repression of viral transcripts and the formation of RNA processing bodies through mechanisms differing from those activated by UV stress and RNAi. J. Exp. Bot. 67(8): 2353 - 2366.
  14. Bhattacharjee S, Noor JJ, Gohain B, Gulabani H, Dnyaneshwar IK, Singla A. (2015)  Post-translational modifications in regulation of pathogen surveillance and signaling in plants: The inside- (and perturbations from) outside story. IUBMB Life 67:524
  15. Kim SH, Son GH, Bhattacharjee S, Kim HJ, Nam JC, Nguyen PD, Hong JC, Gassmann W. (2014) The Arabidopsis immune adaptor SRFR1 interacts with TCP transcription factors that redundantly contribute to effector-triggered immunity.
    Plant J 78:978.
  16. Bhattacharjee S, Garner CM, Gassmann W. (2013) New clues in the nucleus: transcriptional reprogramming in effector-triggered immunity. Front Plant Sci 4:364.
  17. Kim TH, Hans-Henning K, Bhattacharjee S, Hauser F, Park JY, Engineer C, Liu A, Ha T, Parker JE, Gassmann W, Schroeder JI. (2012) Natural Variation in Small Molecule-Induced TIR-NB-LRR Signaling Induces Root Growth Arrest via EDS1 and PAD4-Co-complexed R Protein VICTR. The Plant Cell 24:5177.
  18. Gassmann W, Bhattacharjee S. (2012) Effector-triggered immunity signaling: From gene-for-gene pathways to protein-protein interaction networks. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 25:862.
  19. Bhattacharjee S, Halane MK, Kim SH, Gassmann W. (2011). Pathogen effectors target Arabidopsis EDS1 and alter its interactions with immune regulators. Science 334(6061):1405.
  20. Jaubert MJ, Bhattacharjee S, Mello AFS, Perry KL, Moffett P. (2011) AGO2 mediates RNA silencing anti-viral defenses against Potato virus X in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol156:1556.
  21. Kim SH, Gao F, Bhattacharjee S, Adiasor JA, Nam JC, Gassmann W. (2010) The Arabidopsis resistance-like gene SNC1 is activated by mutations in SRFR1 and contributes to resistance to the bacterial effector AvrRps4. PLoS Pathogens 6:e1001172.
  22. Liu PP, Bhattacharjee S, Klessig D, Moffett P. (2010) Systemic acquired resistance is induced by R gene-mediated responses independent of cell death. Mol. Plant Pathol. 11155.
  23. Bhattacharjee S, Zamora A, Azhar MT, Sacco MA, Lambert LH, Moffett P. (2009) Virus resistance induced by NB-LRR proteins involves Argonaute4-dependent translational control. Plant J 58:940.
  24. Kim SH, Kwon SI, Bhattacharjee S, Gassmann W. (2009) Regulation of defense gene expression by Arabidopsis SRFR1. Plant Signaling and Behavior 4:149.
  25. Kwon SI, Kim SH, Bhattacharjee S, Noh JJ, Gassmann W. (2009) SRFR1, a suppressor of effector-triggered immunity, encodes a conserved tetratricopeptide repeat protein with similarity to transcriptional repressors. Plant J 57:109.
  26. Bhattacharjee S, Lee LY, Oltmanns H, Cao H, Veena, Cuperus J, Gelvin SB. (2008) IMPa-4, an Arabidopsis importin isoform, is preferentially involved in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. Plant Cell 20:2661.
  27. Zhu Y, Nam J, Humara JM, Mysore KS, Lee LY, Cao H, Valentine L, Li J, Kaiser A, Kopecky A, Hwang HH, Bhattacharjee S, Rao P, Tzfira T, Rajagopal J, Yi H, Veena,Yadav BS, Crane Y, Lin K, Larcher Y, Gelvin M, Knue M, Ramos C, Zhao X, Davis S, Kim SI, Ranjith-Kumar CT, Choi YJ, Hallan V, Chattopadhyay S, Sui X, Ziemienowicz A, Matthysse AG, Citovsky V, Hohn B, Gelvin SB. (2003) Identification of Arabidopsis rat mutants. Plant Physiol 132:494.
  28. Tao Y, Rao PK, Bhattacharjee S, Gelvin S.B. (2004) Expression of a plant protein phosphatase 2C interferes with nuclear import of the Agrobacterium T-complex protein VirD2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:5164.

Dr. Saikat Bhattacharjee
Associate Professor
Regional Centre for Biotechnology
NCR Biotech Science Cluster
3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway
P.O. Box No. 3, Faridabad - 121 001
Haryana (NCR Delhi), India
E-mail: saikat at rcb dot res dot in
Phone: 91 129-2848837

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